Introduction
Geoinformatics is the integration of remote sensing, Global Navigation Satellite System and Geographic Information System dealing with spatial information. Th e advent of remote sensing, Global Navigation Satellite System and Geographic Information System has made signifi cant changes in surveying and map making. A basic understanding of these components is crucial for carrying out various types of surveys, navigation, hydrology, disaster management, etc. The field of Remote Sensing and GIS has become exciting with rapidly expanding opportunities. Geoinformatics has three major components namely remote sensing, GIS and GNSS.