Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a disease characterised by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, which can lead to increased risk of fracture.
Risk factors
* Genetics
* Lack of exercise
* Lack of calcium and vitamin D3
* Diet calcium / vitamin D deficiency
* Osteoporosis means “porous bones”
Signs and Symptoms
* Pain
* Height loss or dull pain in the bones or muscles
* Swelling
* Redness
* Limited movement
Pathophysiology
Osteoporosis is a reduction in skeletal mass caused by an imbalance between bone reabsorption and bone formation. A change in either that is increased bone reabsorption or decreased bone formation may result is osteoporosis.
Investigation
* Blood: Test Calcium & Phosphorus
* BMD
* X–ray
Causes of Osteoporosis
* Low calcium diet
* Lack of physical activity
* Family history
* Women are more likely to develop osteoposis
* Hypercalciuria
* Anticonvulsant medications
* Hyperthyroidism
* Hyper parathyroidism
* Neoplastic disease – cancer
Management
* Medication – vitamins and calcium
* Dietary supplements
* Weight bearing exercises
