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DISEASES OF SORGHUM DISEASES CAUSAL ORGANISM Charcoal rot Macrophomina phaseolina Downy mildew / leaf shredding Perenosclerospora sorghi Rust Puccinia purpurea Grain smut / kernal smut / covered smut Sporisorium sorghi Loose smut Sporisorium cruenta Long smut Tolyposporium ehrenbergii Head smut Sporisorium reiliana Ergot / sugary disease Claviceps sorghi Leaf blight Helminthosporium turcicum Rectangular leaf spot […]
DISEASES OF BARLEY DISEASES CAUSAL ORGANISM Leaf rust Puccinia hordei Stem rust Puccinia graminis f.sp. secalis Stripe rust Puccinia striiformis Covered smut Ustilago hordei Loose smut Ustilago nuda Powdery mildew Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei Bacterial leaf blight Pseudomonas syringae pv. Syringae Barley stripe mosaic Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) 1. Stem rust — Puccinia graminis […]
PESTS ON TUBER CROPS POTATO Cutworms, Noctuidae: Lepidoptera Common cutworm, Agrotis segetum Black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon Spotted cutworm, Xestia C-nigrum Variegated cutworm, Peridroma saucia Feed on foliage Cut tender stem Larvae remain in soil Larva dark brown in colour Pupates inside the soil Adult – brown fore wings with spots and markings Potato […]
MORINGA Moringa oleifera is a plant that is often called the drumstick tree, the miracle tree, the ben oil tree, or the horseradish tree. Moringa has been used for centuries due to its medicinal properties and health benefits. It also has antifungal, antiviral, antidepressant, and anti-inflammatory properties.Pod fly Gitona distigma (Drosophilidae: Diptera) Aematurely and full-fed caterpillars come out […]
CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES Cruciferous vegetables are vegetables of the family Brassicaceae (also called Cruciferae) with many genera, species, and cultivars being raised for food production such as cauliflower, cabbage, kale, garden cress, bok choy, broccoli, Brussels sprouts and similar green leaf vegetables. The family takes its alternative name (Cruciferae, New Latin for “cross-bearing”) from the shape […]
BHENDI Shoot and fruit borer Earias vittella, E. insulana (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) It is commonly known as cotton spotted bollworm and a major pest of bhendi. It is infesting okra, cotton and other malvaceous wild and cultivated plants. Summer bhendi suffers heavily by this pest, after which, it migrates to cotton. Caterpillars bore into tender shoots […]
BRINJAL Shoot and fruit borer Leucinodes orbonalis (Pyraustidae: Lepidoptera) Leucinodes orbonalis is the most important and destructive pest of brinjal. It starts damaging brinjal plant, few weeks after transplantation. Larva bores into tender shoots and causes withering of terminal shoots or dead hearts. It also bores into petioles of leaves, flower buds and developing fruits […]
PESTS OF JASMINE Budworm, Hendecasis duplifascialis Hmpsn Pyraustidae Lepidoptera Caterpillar makes hole on the flower bud and feeds on the inner content. Larva also attacks 2 -3 buds and buds are webbed together by silken threads. Adult is a small white moth with black palpi and three lines on the abdomen and hind legs. Larva […]
CARDAMOM Shoot/panicle/capsule borer Conogethes punctiferalis (Pyraustidae: Lepidoptera) It is a serious pest of nurseries in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala. Alternate hosts are castor, turmeric, guava, mulberry etc. Larvae bore in to pseudostem of seedlings and feed on nursery plants and young tillers in plantation. Infestation is indicated by the presence of entry holes plugged […]
PEPPER Pollu beetle, Longitarsus nigripennis (Alticidae: Coleoptera) This is the most important pest in West coast area. It causes 30 to 40 percent loss in yield of pepper. Grub feeds on growing tip, tender stem, leaf petiole, spikes and berry. Tunneling of tender stem causes drying up of shoot. Portions of spikes tunneled by grubs […]
PESTS ON SPICES AND CONDIMENTS CHILLIES Chilli thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thripidae: Thysanoptera) Thrips cause severe damage in areas where chilli is cultivated as a dry crop. It also attacks on tea, acacia, prosopis, castor, cotton, mango, onion, groundnut, pomegranate, pulses, brinjal grape vine, Citrus sp. and numerous weeds. Both nymphs and adults lacerate leaf tissues […]
PESTS ON COTTONCotton Aphid, Aphis gossypii (Aphididae : Hemiptera) World wide, potential pest – Highly polyphagous, wider host range Nymphs and adults desap on young crop in colonies. Tender leaves curl up, reduced in size, gradually fade and dry up. Plant growth severely shunted. Leaves show oily appearance Sooty mould develops on honey dew on […]
PESTS ON SUGARCANEEarly shoot borer – Chilo infuscatellus (Crambidae: Lepidoptera) P refer 1-3 months old crop. Caterpillar enters the stem by making holes above the ground level. Formation of “dead heart” is the symptom. Affected plants can be easily pulled out. Rotten portion of the dead heart emits an offensive odour. High temperature, low humidity, […]
CITRUS Lime tree borer or orange borers Chelidonium cinctum (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera) This is a major and highly destructive pest in South India. Wilting of twigs and stems, gum exudations and wood powder accumulation on ground below are symptoms of attack. Adult is dull metallic green to dark violet with a yellow band across the middle […]
MANGO Mango hoppers Idioscopus clypealis, I. niveosparsus, Amritodes atkinsoni (Cicadellidae: Hemiptera) Hoppers are the most destructive pests of mango. Hoppers are active throughout the year, but abundant during hot months of May to June and cold months of October to January, synchronizing with flowering of mango trees. When inflorescence appears, hoppers start laying […]
GUAVA Tea mosquito bug Helopeltis antonii (Miridae: Hemiptera) Fruit borer/ Castor capsule borer Conogethes punctiferalis (Pyraustidae: Lepidoptera) Guava fruit flies Bactrocera diversus (Tephritidae: Diptera) Whiteflies, Aleurotuberculatus psidii (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) Aphids, Aphis gossypii (Aphididae: Hemiptera) Mealy bugs, Coccus viridis and Ferrisia virgata (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera) Guava scales Chloropulvinaria psidii (Diaspididae: Hemiptera) Bark borer, Indarbela tetraonis (Metarbelidae: Lepidoptera) […]
Millets are indigenous to many parts of the world.The most widely grown millet is pearl millet, which is an important crop in India and parts of Africa.Finger millet, proso millet, and foxtail millet are also important crop species In India, various alcoholic beverages are produced from millets.[31] Millet is also the base ingredient for the […]
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop cultivated all over the world and consumed by nearly 35% of the world population. It harbours nearly two dozen of insects; among them only half a dozen of insect pests, like aphids, termites, army worm, pink stem borer, pod borer and Ghujhia weevil, attain the major pest […]
PEST ON RICE Swarming caterpillar – Spodoptera mauritia Noctuidae : Lepidoptera It is a serious pest on nurseries and early stage of the crops. During night hours, larvae cut the seedlings in large scale and present a cattle-grazing appearance to the field. Gregarious feeders and march from field to field. Damage is severe in […]
Pest Monitoring Monitoring phytophagous insects and their natural enemies is a fundamental tool in IPM – for taking management decision Monitoring – estimation of changes in insect distribution and abundance information about insects, life history influence of biotic and abiotic factors on pest population Pest Surveillance Refers to the constant watch on the population dynamics […]