Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airway causing mucosal oedema and increased mucous production.
Causes
* Exposure to indoor and outdoor allergens
* Airway irritant Risk factors
* Family history of bronchial asthma
* Exposure to airway irritants (weed, pollens, dust, strong odours, smoke)
Signs and Symptoms:
* Non-Productive cough
* Dyspnea
* Diaphoresis
* Tachycardia
* Tachypnea
* Wheezing
* Cyanosis
Investigations
* Family and occupational history
* Increased esonophil counts
* ABG-Analysis
* Sputum for Culture
* Pulmonary function test
Medical management
* Corticosteroids
* Bronchodilators
* Oxygen therapy
* Nebulization
Nursing Mangement
* Ineffective air way clearance related to inflammation and increased secretion.
• Increased fluid intake
• Coughing and breathing exercise
• Change of position frequently
• Administer broncho dilator
• Chest physiotherapy
• Suctioning
• Artificial airway if required
* Ineffective breathing pattern related to tachycardia
• Comfort position to facilitate breathing
• Administer prescribed cough suppressants and analgesics
• Monitor ABG
• Observe signs of hypoxia
* Activity intolerance related to decreased energy
• Schedule the activity after management
• Use oxygen as needed
• Avoid smoking, weight gain and stress which increases the oxygen demand
• Provide psychological support
• Calm and quiet environment to reduce anxiety
