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Organic Pesticide Pest like aphids, spider and mites can cause serious damage to flowers, fruits, and vegetables. T hese creatures attack the garden in swarms, and drain the life of the crop and often invite disease in the process. Many chemical pesticides prove unsafe for human and the environment. It turns fruits and vegetables unsafe […]
India has a rich medicinal heritage. A number of Traditional Systems of Medicine (TSM) are practiced in India some of which come from outside India. TSM in India can be broadly classified into institutionalized or documented and non-institutionalized or oral traditions. Institutionalized Indian systems include Siddha and Ayurveda which are practiced for about two thousand […]
Cosmetics Traditionally in Southern India, people have been using turmeric, green gram powder, henna, sigaikai and usilai for their skin and hair care. These were mostly home prepared products that are used for grooming. Today, cosmetics have a high commercial value and have become chemical based industrial products. Providing personal care services has become a […]
The ability to perceive colour is a wonderful aspect of human eyes and dyes add colour to the goods we use. They have been in use since the ancient times. The earliest authentic records of dyeing were found in the tomb painting of ancient Egypt. Colourings on mummy cements (wrapping) included saffron and indigo. They […]
Pulp Wood The term paper is derived from the word ‘papyrus’ a plant (Cyperus papyrus) that was used by Egyptians to make paper-like materials. Paper production is a Chinese invention. The Chinese discovered the paper that was prepared from the inner bark of paper mulberry in 105 A.D. For a long time, the art of […]
Timber The basic need of shelter is obtained from the timber trees. Teak Botanical name : Tectona grandis Family: Lamiaceae Origin and Area of cultivation: This is native to South east Asia. It is observed wild in Assam. But cultivated in Bengal, Assam, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and North-West India. Uses It is one of best […]
Fibres Botanically a fiber is a long narrow and thickwalled cell. Cotton Botanical name : Gossypium spp. Family : Malvaceae Cotton is the world’s most important nonfood commercial crop. Origin and Area of cultivation: It is one of the oldest cultivated crops of the world. It has been cultivated for about 8000 years both in […]
Spices and Condiments History: Spices were used extensively throughout the world for several thousands of years. Records of use of garlic and onion dates back 2500 years. Majority of the spices are native to Mediterranean region, India and South East Asian countries. Spices, especially pepper triggered the search for sea route to India and paved […]
Beverages How about a cup of coffee or tea? We always entertain our guests with this offer. All non-alcoholic beverages contain alkaloids that stimulate central nervous system and also possess mild diuretic properties. Coffee Botanical name : Coffea arabica Family : Rubiaceae Origin and Area of cultivation: Coffea arabica is the prime source of commercial […]
Oil Seeds Why fried foods are tastier than boiled foods? There are two kinds of oils namely, essential oils and vegetable oils or fatty oils. The essential oils or volatile oils which possess aroma evaporate or volatilize in contact with air. Any organ of a plant may be the source of essential oil. For example, […]
Nuts Nuts are simple dry fruits composed of a hard shell and an edible kernel. They are packed with a good source of healthy fats, fibre, protein, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. Cashew nut Botanical name : Anacardium occidentale Family: Anacardiaceae Origin and Area of cultivation Cashew has originated in Brazil and made its way to […]
While walking through a market filled with fresh vegetables like stacks of lady’s finger, mountains of potatoes, pyramids of brinjal, tomatoes, cucurbits, we learn to choose the vegetables that is fresh, tender, ripe and those suit the family taste through experience and cultural practices. Why do we need to eat vegetables and what do they […]
Pulses The word Pulse is derived from the Latin words ‘puls’ or ‘pultis’ meaning “thick soup”. Pulses are the edible seeds that are harvested from the fruits of Fabaceae. They provide vital source of plant-based protein, vitamins and minerals for people around the globe. Black gram Botanical name : Vigna mungo Origin and Area of […]
The term millet is applied to a variety of very small seeds originally cultivated by ancient people in Africa and Asia. They are gluten free and have less glycemic index. Finger Millet – Ragi Botanical name : Eleusine coracana Finger millet is the crop of early introduction from East Africa into India. Ragi is rich […]
Cereals The word cereal is derived from Ceres, which according to the Roman mythology denotes “Goddess of agriculture”. All cereals are members of grass family (Poaceae) that are grown for their edible starchy seeds. The prominence of cereals as food plants is due to the following attributes: i. Greater adaptability and successful colonisation on every […]
Heterosis (hetero- different; sis – condition) G.H. Shull was the first scientist to use the term heterosis in 1912. The superiority of the F1 hybrid in performance over its parents is called heterosis or hybrid vigour. Vigour refers to increase in growth, yield, greater adaptability of resistance to diseases, pest and drought. Vegetative propagation is […]
Hybridization Hybridization is the method of producing new crop varieties in which two or more plants of unlike genetically constitution is all crossed together that result in a progeny called hybrid. Hybridization offers improvement in crop and is the only effective means of combining together the desirable characters of two or more varieties or species. […]
Organic Agriculture Organic farming is an alternative agricultural system which originated ealginates in the seaweed thatarly in the twentieth century in reaction to rapidly changing farming practices. It is a production system that sustains the health of the soils, ecosystems and people. It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions rather […]
Geographic Information System GIS is a computer system for capturing, storing, checking and displaying data related to positions on Earth’s surface. Also to manipulate, analyse, manage and present spacial or geographic data. GPS is a satellite navigation system used to determine the ground position of an object. It is a constellation of approximately 30 well […]
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Environmental Impact Assessment is an environmental management tool. It helps to regulate and recommend optimal use of natural resources with minimum impact on ecosystem and biotic communities. It is used to predict the environmental consequences of future proposed developmental projects (example: river projects, dams, highway projects) taking into account inter-related socio-economic, […]