Drainage it is a removal of water from the field as a moisture control mechanism.
•Drainage and irrigation are important aspects to be understood by the farmers
•Drainage provides desirable environment in the crop root zone
•Necessity of drainage is felt when there is excess water in root zone
•Source of excess water are
•Uncontrolled irrigation
•Seepage loss from an unlined channel
•Ground water moving from a shallow aquifers
•Non maintenance of natural drainage system Generally two types of drainage systems are adopted based on techno-economic feasibility:
Surface drainage: Can be achieved by following any one of the below method based on the need and intensity of the problem.
•Land forming
•Land smoothening
•Land grading or levelling
•Bedding system
•Open ditches
Sub surface drainage: Can be achieved by following any one of the below method based on the need and intensity of problem.
•Horizontal sub surface drains
•Vertical drainage
•Other methods like
•Mole drainage
•Seepage intercepting farm pond
•Bio drains