Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially fatal contagious disease. That can affect almost any part of the body. It’s mainly an infection of lung.
Causative organism
* Mycobacterium tuberculi
Incubation period
2 to 12 weeks
Classification of TB
Pulmonary TB
• Primary disease
• Secondary disease
Extra pulmonary
• Lymph node TB
• Pleural TB
• TB of upper airways
• Skeletal TB
• Genitourinary TB
• Miliary TB
• Pericardial
• Gastrointestinal TB
• Tuberculous Meningitis
• Less common forms
Transmission of TB
* Cough droplet
* Crowded places with poor ventilation
* Splitting of saliva
Symptoms
* Chest pain
* Coughing with bloody sputum
* Shortness of breath
* Cloudy and Reddish urine
* Evening raise in temperature
* Fatigue
Diagnosis
* Bacteriological Test (Zeihl – Neelsen stain)
* Sputum culture test
* Chest x-ray
* Nucleic acid amplification
* Mantoux test (PPD)
Management
* First line drugs: Eg: Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutal
* Second line drugs: Eg: Cycloserine, Ethionamide, Levofloxacin
Dosage Regimen
* Intensive phase + Continuation phase
* HREZ (2months) + HRE (4months)
Preventive Measures
* Mask
* BCG Vaccine
* Regular medical follow up
* Isolation of patient
* Ventilation
* Natural sunlight
* UV germicidal radiation