HYPERTHYROIDISM:
It is defined as sustained increased in synthesis and relaxes of thyroid hormone by the thyroid glands.
It is highly prevented endocrine disorders.
Causes
* Graves’ disease
* Toxic, diffuse goiter
* Toxic adenoma
* Thyroid carcinoma
Signs and Symptoms
* Heat intolerance
* Exophthalmos
* Loose bowel movements
* Profuse diaphoresis
* Tachycardia
* Hypertrophy of thyroid cells
Investigation
* History and physical examination
* Ophthalmologic examination
* Laboratory tests such as serum T3, T4, TSH, FT3, FT4, FTSH levels.
* Thyroid scan
Management
Medical management:
* Antithyroid drugs which inhibits synthesis of thyroid hormone, e.g. prophylthiouracil and methimazole
* Iodine e.g. Radioactive iodine
* Beta adrenergic blockers
Surgical management:
* Subtotal thyroidectomy : Removal of one lobe of the thyroid gland.
* Total thyroidectomy : Removal of thyroid gland.
Complication of thyroidectomy:
* Hemorrhage or infection
* Risk of thyroidectomy tetany
* Respiratory obstruction
* Laryngeal edema
* Vocal cord edema
Complications:
The Major complications of graves’ disease are
* Exophthalmos
* Thyroid storm
* Thyroid crisis
* Thyroid toxicosis